Undang-undang Angkasa

Undang-undang Angkasa
Malaysian Law

For the purpose of regulating the activities in outer space, the National Space Agency (ANGKASA) in collaboration with the Attorney General�s Chambers has initiated a draft Malaysian Outer Space Bill which is intended to be a specific legislation to regulate outer space activities by Malaysia. Currently, Malaysia has in place certain existing legislation relating to certain aspects of space activities such as the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Act 1998 which regulates licensing relating to Malaysian communication satellites. Pursuant thereto, consultations are being undertaken with the relevant stakeholders in order to finally enact a space law to regulate Malaysia�s outer space activities. In formulating a domestic legal framework, Malaysia is also guided by the relevant international law principles relating to outer space activities, such as, the United Nations treaties on outer space, principles adopted by the United Nations General Assembly, and other international agreements relating to activities carried out in outer space.
United Nation Treaties

The said United Nations treaties are as follows:
Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and other Celestial Bodies; (http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/SpaceLaw/outerspt.html)
Agreement on the Rescue of Astronauts, the Return of Astronauts and the return of objects Launched into Outer Space; (http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/SpaceLaw/rescue.html)
Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects; (http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/SpaceLaw/liability.html)
Convention on Registration of Objects Launched into Outer Space; (http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/SORegister/regist.html)
Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies.
(http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/SpaceLaw/moon.html)
Out of the five United Nations treaties, Malaysia is a signatory to the two treaties referred to in paragraphs (1) (http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/SpaceLaw/outerspt.html) and (2) (http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/SpaceLaw/rescue.html) and is in the process of ratifying the said treaties. Malaysia is also currently studying the feasibility of acceding to the other three treaties referred to in paragraphs (3) (http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/SpaceLaw/liability.html), (4) (http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/SORegister/regist.html) and (5) (http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/SpaceLaw/moon.html).
Principles & International Agreement

The principles adopted by the United Nations General Assembly relating to outer space which are adopted by Malaysia are as follows: (http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/SpaceLaw/treaties.html)
Declaration of Legal Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space; (http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/SpaceLaw/treaties.html) Principles Governing the Use by States of Artificial Earth Satellites for International Direct Television Broadcasting; (http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/SpaceLaw/treaties.html) Principles Relating to Remote Sensing of the Earth from Outer Space; (http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/SpaceLaw/treaties.html) Principles Relevant to the Use of Nuclear Power Sources in Outer Space; (http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/SpaceLaw/treaties.html) Declaration on International Cooperation in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space for the Benefit and in the Interest of All States, Taking into Particular Account the Needs of Developing Countries. (http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/SpaceLaw/treaties.html)
In addition, Malaysia is also a party to the following international agreements relating to activities in outer space: (http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/SpaceLaw/treaties.html)
Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and under Water 1963; (http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/SpaceLaw/treaties.html) Agreement Relating to the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization 1971; (http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/SpaceLaw/treaties.html) Convention on the International Mobile Satellite Organization 1976; (http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/SpaceLaw/treaties.html) International Telecommunication Constitution and Convention 1992. (http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/SpaceLaw/treaties.html)
Malaysian Registry Of Outer Space Object

Information furnished in conformity with General Assembly resolution 1721 B ( XVI) by States launching objects into orbit or beyond.
The Permanent Mission of Malaysia to the United Nations (Vienna) presents its compliments to the Secretary-General and has the honour to transmit, in accordance with paragraph 1 of General Assembly resolution 1721 B (XVI) of 20 December 1961, information concerning registration of the MEASAT-1 (http://www.unoosa.org/Reports/Regdocs/inf407E.pdf), MEASAT-2 (http://www.unoosa.org/Reports/Regdocs/inf406E.pdf) and TiungSAT-1 (http://www.unoosa.org/Reports/Regdocs/inf406E.pdf) satellites, which were launched in January 1996, November 1996 and September 2000 respectively.
Links
MEASAT-1 (http://www.unoosa.org/Reports/Regdocs/inf407E.pdf) MEASAT-2 & TiungSAT-1 (http://www.unoosa.org/Reports/Regdocs/inf406E.pdf)
United Nations - Online Index of Objects Launched into Outer Space: Notifications from Malaysia. (http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/Reports/docsmalay.html)

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